Australia, April 30 -- The Federal Court of Australia issued the following judgement:

REASONS FOR JUDGMENT

BROMWICH J:

1 The applicant, the Transport Workers' Union (TWU), and the respondent, Cleanaway Operations Pty Ltd, have agreed upon declarations of contravention and civil penalties to be imposed for two admitted contraventions of s 463(2) of the Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth). The contraventions concern Cleanaway's failure, in December 2022, to comply in time with relevantly identical clauses in two protected action ballot orders (PABOs) made by the Fair Work Commission. The TWU sought the making of the PABOs following unsuccessful attempts at agreeing upon a new enterprise agreement, no protected industrial action being permitted by s 4...